Chandigarh Forests

Department of Forest & Wildlife
UT Administration
Chandigarh

BOMBAX CEIBA Linn.

Division

Angiosperms

Class

Dicotledons

Subclass

Polypetalae

Series

Thalamiflorae

Order

Malvales

Family

Bombacaceae

Genus

Bombax

Species

ceiba

Etymology:

Derived from the Greek word bombyx, cotton; referring to the cotton in the pods.

Botanical name:

 

Bombax ceiba Linn. (Bombax malabaricum DC., Salmalia malabaricum (DC.) Schott. & Endl.)

Local/Trade names:

Red Silk Cotton, Semul, Indian Kapok.

Conservation status:

Wild usually planted in gardens and along avenues.

Digonestic features:

Stem buttressed with conical prickles.

Description:

A large tree, with a straight trunk and horizontally spreading branches, buttressed with hard conical prickles. Bark grey. Leaves digitate; leaflets 5-7, 15-22 x 8-12 cm, lanceolate, oblanceolate or obovate. Flowers 10-12 cm across, crimson or orange. Fruit a capsule, 12-18 cm long, oblong-ovoid, 5-angled. Seeds with long white silky hairs.

Phenology:

Fls.: Jan. – Mar. Frts.: Apr. – May. Leaves appear after the flowers. Leafless from Dec.-Mar.

Distribution:

Throughout the hotter parts of India. Myanmar and Sri Lanka.

Where to see it:

Near Main Gate and Gate No. 2 side.

Uses:

Wood is most widely used in match industry, especially for match-boxes. Suitable for shingles, canones, toys, scab-boards, cooperage, bush handles, well-curbs, tea-chest plywood, pencils and pen-holders, and frames. Also used for cushioning mine-props and for inside portions of opium-chests. Floss used for stuffing life-belts, mattresses, cushions and pillows, upholstery, and quilts. Also used as an insulating material for refrigerators, sound-proof covers and walls; it is better than cotton-wool for packing fragile materials. Fibre is spun into yarn used for the manufacture of plushes. Tender leaves eaten, also lopped for fodder. Flower-buds and fleshy calyces eaten as vegetable. Bark demulcent, tonic, and styptic . Fruit stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic, used in calculus affections and ulceration of bladder and kidneys. Seeds yield an edible fatty oil, also used for soap-making and as an illuminant. Tree yields a gum called Mocharus. It is demulcent tonic, and styptic. Also used for caulking boats.

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